Dagaare
- A bie ama boɔloo ane lɛ anaŋ naŋ voonoo: ⟨à è ɛ̀ ì ɩ̀ ò ɔ̀ ù ʋ̀⟩ ;
- A bie naŋ maŋ sagra kpeɛŋaa: ⟨á é ɛ́ í ɩ́ ó ɔ́ ú ʋ́⟩ ;
- Anaŋ meŋ naŋ sagra a zele soga poɔŋ:[a].
Nyɔ-eremɛ ne nyɔ-eɛroŋ sɛgebinyaane bee voonebinyaane.
maaleŋ- Nyɔ-erɛmɛ sɛgebinyaŋene; ana la sɛgebie na a boɔloo saŋa a nɔpoɔ nandaare mine naŋ maŋ tage laŋ, a pigi noɔre pɛnnoŋ tuyiibu foɔlaa, ka a pɛnnoo wa fãã kyɛ leɛ te tu a nyɔbogoŋ yi. A nyɔbogo tuyiibu la maŋ wane a nyɔ-ɛremɛ voonoo. Ka ana la: {m, n ane ŋ}. A zaaŋ voona
- Nyɔ-eɛroŋ sɛgebinyaŋene; a nyɔ-eremɛ bondemannewulaa ŋa (~) la maŋ wuli sɛgebinyaŋaa nyɔ-eɛroŋ Dagaareŋ, ka onaŋ wa do dɔgle sɛgebinyaŋaa zusoga aseŋ {ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ, ɛ̃,} ane a mine wuli ka ana sɛgebinyaŋaa na erɛ la nyoore. Aseŋ yelbie poɔ; kãã, kõɔ, pãã ane amine.
Kyɛlle kyɛ
Ka sɛgebinyaŋaa wa are tu nyɔ-eremɛ sɛgebidaa, o maŋ ferɛ la a sɛgebinyaŋaa ka o meŋ ferɛ erɛ nyoore, a lɛ na a ba maŋ la maale ka fo de a nyɔ-eremɛ bondemannewulaa na dɔgle a sɛgebinyaŋaa zu na wuli o nyɔ-eɛroŋ.
Uppercase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | D | E | Ɛ | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | Ŋ | O | Ɔ | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z | |||||||||||||
Lowercase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | b | d | e | ɛ | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | ŋ | o | ɔ | p | r | s | t | u | v | w | y | z |
Voonebie Tutaaloŋ "Phonology"
maaleŋVoonebidaare ane Voonebinyaane naŋ naŋ voono a Dagaare Kɔkɔreŋ poɔŋ.
Voonebinyaane "Vowels"
maaleŋNiŋe | Soga | puoriŋ | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Near-close | ɪ | ʊ | |
Close-mid | e | o | |
Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Open | a |
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio-<br id="mwAWE"><br>velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ɕ | k | k͡p | ʔ |
voiced | b | d | d͡ʑ | ɡ | ɡ͡b | ||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | |||
voiced | v | z | |||||
glottalized | ˀh | ||||||
Nasal | plain | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋ͡m | |
glottalized | ˀm | ||||||
Lateral | plain | l | |||||
glottalized | ˀl | ||||||
Approximant | j | w |
Allophones of /d, ɡ/ include [r, ɣ~ɡ̆].
Kɔkɔre Merɛ
maaleŋVoonoo"Tone"
maaleŋDagaare eɛ kɔkɔre maŋ e bone bee Kɔkɔre naŋ voona ka yelbo poɔ pãã la, gbɛɛ yaga yaga o maŋ sagra la kpeɛŋaa. A Kɔkɔre taa la merɛ; anaŋ la a Kɔkɔre sɛgebo merɛŋ ane a begɛ.
Yelbie Maaloŋ Tɔna
maaleŋBà
Kɔkɔre Begɛ bee Merɛ
maaleŋ
Yuori Yelbie zagere
maaleŋYuori Yelbie Gaŋgyereŋ | Singular Form | Noun Stem | Plural Form |
---|---|---|---|
Class I | [-Vocal] | [-bɔ'] | |
(+human cl.) | pɔ'ɤɔ' ('woman') | pɔ'g- | pɔ'ɤíbɔ' ('women') |
Class II | [-Vocal] | [-rí] | |
IIa | [-é] | [-rí] | |
bìé ('child') | bì- | bíírí ('children') | |
IIb | [-ó] | [-rí] | |
dùó ('pig') | dò- | dòrí ('pigs') | |
IIc | [-í] | [-rí] | |
síɤí ('hut') | síg- | síɤrí ('huts') | |
Class III | [-í] | [-Vocal] | |
IIIa | [-í] | [-é] | |
gyìlí ('xylophone') | gyìl- | gyìlé ('xylophones') | |
IIIb | [-í] | [-ɔ'] | |
pɔ'lí ('path') | pɔ'- | pɔ'lɔ' ('paths') | |
IIIc | [-í] | [-á] | |
váálí ('rubbish') | váál- | váálá ('rubbish') | |
Class IV | [-rʊʊ] | [-rì] | |
pírʊʊ ('sheep') | pí- | píírì ('sheep') | |
Class V | [-∅] | [-rí] | |
túú ('forest') | tùù- | túúrí ('forest') | |
Class VI | [-rì] | [-Vocal] | |
VIa | [-rì] | [-è] | |
bírì ('seed') | bí- | bíè ('seeds') | |
VIb | [-rí] | [-ó] | |
tóórí ('ear') | tóó- | tòbó ('ears') | |
VIc | [-rí] | [-á] | |
yàgrí ('cheek') | yàg- | yàɤá ('cheeks') | |
Class VII | Nasal+Vocal | Nasal+Vocal | |
VIIa | [-ní] | [-mà] | |
gání ('book') | gán- | gámà ('books') | |
VIIb | [-mʊ] | [-má] | |
táamʊ ('bow') | tàn- | támá ('bows') | |
VIIc | [-ŋé] | [-ní] | |
bìŋé ('pen') | bìŋ- | bìnní ('pens') | |
VIId | [-ŋó] | [-ní] | |
bòŋó ('donkey') | bòŋ- | bònní ('donkeys') | |
VIIe | [-∅] | [-nɛɛ] | |
-count plurals | dɑ̃ɑ̃' ('pito') | dɑ̃ɑ̃'- | dɑ̃ɑ̃'nɛɛ ('pito') |
Class VIII | [-áá] | [-í] | |
gbíŋgbíláá ('drying spot') | gbígbíl- | gbíŋgbíllí ('drying spots') | |
Class IX | [-ù] | (no plural) | |
(derived n.) | Dúóù ('climbing') | dó- | |
Class X | (no singular) | [-úŋ] | |
bùùl- | búúlúŋ ('porridge') |
Yo-leɛrɛ
maaleŋYo-leɛrɛ
maaleŋDagaare, yo-leɛrɛ yelbie maŋ eɛ yelbie baŋ na maŋ are ko yuori yelbie poɔ, a meŋ maŋ wulo tɛɛtɛɛloŋ nensaalba poɔŋ.
Subject (Nom) | Object (Acc) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Weak Form | Strong Form | ||
(human) | |||
1st SG | n | maa | ma |
2nd SG | fo | foo | fo |
3rd SG | o | onɔ | o |
1st PL | te | tenee | te |
2nd PL | yɛ | yɛnee | yɛ |
3rd PL | ba | bana | ba |
(non-human) | |||
3rd PL | a | ana | a |
Yo-leɛre Saane
maaleŋA meŋ maŋ wuli la yelluŋ bee yelbie aŋa meŋɛ bee meŋɛ tɔr yelyenaa meŋ e menne bee menne tɔr meŋ wulo yagroŋ.
Weak reflexive pronouns | Strong reflexive pronouns |
---|---|
n mengɛ (tɔr) ('myself') | maa mengɛ ('me, myself') |
fo mengɛ (tɔr) ('yourself') | foo mengɛ ('you, yourself') |
o mengɛ (tɔr) ('him-/herself') | onɔ mengɛ ('s/he, him-/herself') |
te menne (tɔr) ('ourselves') | tenee menne ('we, ourselves') |
yɛ menne (tɔr) ('yourselves') | yɛnee menne ('you, yourselves') |
ba menne (tɔr) ('themselves') | bana menne ('they, themselves') |
a menne (tɔr) ('themselves', non-human) | ana menne ('they, themselves', non-human) |
De-koobu Yo-leɛre
maaleŋDagaare, te seŋ tɔ, tɔ soba, taa ane taaba.
Sooroo yo-leɛre
maaleŋDagaare | Bɔrefɔ |
---|---|
bong, boluu | what |
boo | which one, which of them |
baboo, babobo | which of them (human) |
aboo, abobo | which of them (non-human) |
ang | who (human, singular) |
ang mine | who (human, plural) |